In the Middle Ages Portugal was known as the end of the world and so it was appropriate that Portuguese, perhaps more than any other European nation, would so famously set out to explore the globe and win their small country enormous possessions and wealth.
After Roman occupation by Julius Casear, Portugal, then known as Lusitania, was conquered by the Moors in 711. In 1147 the great Moorish stronghold of Lisbon was taken and Alfonso III (1248-79) completed the ousting of the Moors. Moorish influence can still be seen in architecture of houses in the Algarve, in the narrow streets of Lisbon’s Alfama quarter, in Arab dialect in towns like Silves in the south and, above all, in the Azulejos, beautiful tiles, predominantly blue, which cover the walls of many buildings.
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